List two push factors and two pull factors that drive international migration.

• A. Push: high wages, safety; Pull: conflict, violence.
• B. Push: unemployment or poverty, conflict/violence; Pull: higher wages, safety, better education or healthcare opportunities.
• C. Push: climate change mitigation, urban planning; Pull: tourism, language learning.
• D. Push: urban sprawl, wildfires; Pull: more taxes, stricter immigration controls.

Answer: (B)

Migration is driven by push-pull factors: conditions at home that push people to leave, and conditions abroad that pull them toward a destination. Unemployment or poverty and conflict or violence are classic pushes because they directly threaten livelihoods and safety, making staying feel untenable. On the pull side, higher wages and safety offer tangible improvements in living standards and security, while better access to education or healthcare promises long-term benefits. Together, these push and pull factors explain why someone might leave their country and choose another.

Other options mix in elements that aren’t standard migration drivers. Wages and safety are already strong pulls, not pushes. Climate policy, urban planning, tourism, or language learning aren’t the immediate personal incentives that typically drive international moves. Taxes or stricter immigration controls act more as deterrents than attractions. So the combination in this answer best fits the recognized pattern of why people migrate.