Which of the following is NOT a component of the Human Development Index?

• A. Gini coefficient
• B. Life expectancy at birth
• C. Education (mean years of schooling and expected years)
• D. Gross National Income per capita

Answer: (A)

The Human Development Index is built around three dimensions: health, education, and living standards. Life expectancy at birth reflects health, education combines mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling to measure knowledge and skills, and Gross National Income per capita captures the resources available per person. The Gini coefficient measures income inequality, not a dimension of the standard HDI (though inequality can be considered in related measures like the Inequality-adjusted HDI). Therefore, the Gini coefficient does not belong as a component of the HDI.