Which term describes the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across world-time and world-space?

• A. Expansion
• B. Globalization
• C. Intensification
• D. Globalism

Answer: (B)

Globalization captures the expansion and deepening of social relations and consciousness that connect people and places across the world, spanning world-time and world-space. It describes how economic exchanges, political ties, cultural flows, and technological advances weave networks that extend farther than ever before while also making those connections more intense and rapid. This means more frequent interactions across borders and a growing sense of a shared global life, not just bigger but tighter links. For example, international trade, global media, and cross-border social movements illustrate both the wider reach and the faster, more integrated nature of modern connections. Globalism is related but tends to refer to an ideology or policy stance toward global integration, whereas globalization names the actual process itself.