Which thinker is associated with the concept of nationalist internationalism?

• A. Immanuel Kant
• B. Giuseppe Mazzini
• C. Jeremy Bentham
• D. Karl Marx

Answer: (B)

Nationalist internationalism combines a belief in national self-determination with a broader, cooperative international outlook. Giuseppe Mazzini argues that nations must be free and morally capable of self-government, while also belonging to a universal project of human emancipation through peaceful, voluntary cooperation among nations. He treats each nation as a moral agent with duties to humanity, and he sees liberty spreading across nations as a path to a more just world, achieved through the unity of free peoples rather than conquest. This blend of national freedom with international solidarity is precisely what nationalist internationalism points to, which is why Mazzini is the thinker most closely associated with it. By contrast, Kant emphasizes universal law and perpetual peace, Bentham focuses on utility and reform, and Marx centers on international class struggle, not nationalist internationalism.