Who believed in a Republican Government and proposed a system of free nations that cooperated with each other to create an international system?

• A. Immanuel Kant
• B. Jeremy Bentham
• C. Giuseppe Mazzini
• D. Karl Marx

Answer: (C)

A belief in republican government and in free nations cooperating to form an international system. Giuseppe Mazzini argued that governments should be republican, reflecting popular sovereignty and moral freedom, and that nations built on liberty and civic participation would be better off collaborating rather than ruling one another through empires or dictatorship. He envisioned networks and movements across Europe and beyond that promoted republican ideals and connected states through shared commitments, paving the way for a federated international order where free nations work together to maintain peace and advance common human values. While other thinkers also discussed peaceful cooperation among states, Mazzini’s writings tie together the push for republican governance at the national level with a concrete advocacy for international cooperation among free nations, making him the best fit for this description.